Advice Pool - Health and Fitness

Most drug rehab services, including alcohol treatment programs, are geared towards serving a white, heterosexual, male, client. Unless great effort has been put into awareness training, developing knowledge about the experiences and circumstances of minority groups, and the establishment of programs t

According to USFDA, a combination product is one composed of any combination of a drug and device; biological product and device; drug and biological product

o deal with the special needs of different groups of oppressed people, services will simply perpetuate institutional discrimination.

Gay Alcohol Treatment Programs Not Adequate

U.S. researchers Lohrenz et al (1978) found that 37% of homosexuals experienced discrimination from alcoho

; or drug, device, and biological product and fixed dose combination would include two or more combinations of drug.

Examples of combination products may in

treatment program staff while Fifield, De Crescenzo & Latham (1975) discovered that 75% of homosexuals who are recovering from alcoholism believe that mainstream drug rehab and alcohol rehab program are not geared to treating homosexuals and do not provide an accepting and supportive environment. Bec

lude drug-coated devices, drugs packaged with delivery devices in medical kits, and drugs and devices packaged separately but intended to be used together.

use of discrimination homosexuals are less likely to attend an alcohol treatment program and drug addiction treatment program unless, that is, they are 'passing.' In this case, if the clinician does not bring up the subject, one of the major causes of their problems will be ignored. Rofes (1989) says:

here is enormous increase in the number of combination products entering the market in the recent years. Combination products have proven advantages but fixe

By ignoring the special problems that a lesbian alcoholic, for example, presents, an alcohol treatment program will be doing a service to no one. Their alcoholism treatment of the individual will be less than adequate and may tend to intensify the woman's feelings of isolation and 'difference.' Only b

d dose combinations are still in the process of convincing regulatory authority on their advantages over the single ingredient formulations.

Combination pro

bringing the issue into the open and addressing the woman's lesbianism as an aspect of her life which she needs to feel positively about, will the program be truly effective.

Avoiding Coming Out

Shernoff & Finnegan (1991) discuss the case of a lesbian who is hiding her sexuality, t

ucts have become life saving products for the pharmaceutical companies who doesn’t have many innovative molecules in their product pipeline and have been inc

en stress: It is the responsibility of each alcoholism treatment counselor to take the lead in this area the same way alcohol treatment counselors routinely question early family history, dynamics of shame, denial and spirituality. By omitting questions about sexual orientation, or the more subtle que

easingly used in the product life cycle management. Even the companies having product patents are trying to extend their product life cycle through the combi

tions about sexual or affectional feelings or fantasies for a person of the same sex, the counselor is not obtaining information about all the possible contributing factors for achieving and maintaining sobriety. While Hellman et al (1989) note: Therapists may fear cau

nation products and maximize the revenues. But the companies involved in this practice are overlooking that they are burdening the patients both economically

ing anxiety by asking patients about sexual orientation because of discomfort with the subject. However, this questioning can be essential in helping to overcome the secrecy and denial that are hall marks of the struggle with both alcoholism and homosexuality. Of course, if a worker i

and physically. They need to rightly judge the benefits of the combination products and they have to even look at the risks involved when combining the produ

ignorant about homosexuality s/he is likely to make the situation worse:

Problems Faced In Gay Alcohol Treatment Programs

American surveys, referred to by Hellman et al (1989), reveal a list of complaints about mainstream provision ranging from

· heterosexual bias in alcoholism tr

ts. Some of the combination products were well accepted by physicians while others suffered. Companies involved in development of combination products are fi

atment and evaluation (including either focusing primarily on sexual orientation when inappropriate or ignoring important factors linked with sexuality)

· ignorance about lesbian/gay issues and discomfort at approaching matters of sexuality

· ignorance about the inter-relation of homosexuality and a

ding difficulty in defining their combination products and facing various challenges from selecting a combination to marketing it.

Following aspects would a

lcohol abuse

. Neisen & Sandall (1990) worked at a program designed to offer alcohol treatment to chemically dependent lesbians and gays. They list their clients' experiences of non-gay drug rehab or non gay alcohol rehab, which include:

difficulty in being open about their sexual orientation

dd to the challenges in developing combination products:

Which markets to tap where the combination products can do fairly well?
Which combination prod

ue to fear of staff/client harassment,· staff telling them it wasn't acceptable to discuss sexual orientation

some were forced to disclose their sexual orientation

as soon as their sexuality was known, some were discharged

some said that after disclosure the alcohol treatment they received was diff

cts are meaningful and rational?
Which therapeutic categories to select?
Which Combinations can address unmet needs of the patients?
Do combin

rent due to an atmosphere of condemnation

some feared that if their sexual orientation was known about this would receive more emphasis than their chemical dependency

some addiction treatment programs were not happy having their partner attend a family program.

Citing Morales & Graves (1983)

tions increase the patient compliance?
What would be the developing cost?
How to tackle the risks encountered during combination product developmen

nd Hellman, Stanton, Lee, Tytun and Vachon (1989), O'Hanlan (1996) notes:

· the majority of detox and drug rehabilitation and alcohol rehab programs were insensitive to issues of sexual orientation and did not, generally, encourage its disclosure

· homophobia limits the success of recovery and alcoh

t?

As combination products don't fit into the traditional categories of drugs, medical devices, or biological products, the USFDA is in the process of devel

l treatment for lesbian substance abusers (Hall, 1990; de Monteflores, 1986)

· failure to acknowledge sexual orientation makes relapse more likely (Cabaj, 1992)

· lesbians were more likely to attend alcohol treatment program services which address lesbian social issues and provide lesbian counsellor

ping new procedures for reviewing their safety, efficacy and quality.

Professional from academic institutions, pharmaceutical industries, health care indust

(Hall,1986, 1990, 1992, 1993, 1994; Morales & Graves, 1983).

Family Treatment In Gay Alcohol Treatment Programs

Inclusion of families in addiction treatment and alcohol rehab program is now an acceptable way of supporting those coming off alcohol dependency (Nardi, 1982; Shernoff & Finnegan, 1991).

y and representatives from various regulatory agencies are working out to design the regulatory requirements for manufacture and sale of combination products

This would be problematic for the homosexual client, partly because many will have been rejected by their families and those families who do not reject their offspring rarely want to discuss anything connected with homosexuality. Yet it is the ignorance and lack of acceptance of families which is one

.

As there is an increasing trend of the combination products companies manufacturing such products should be able to tackle the problems involved in the de

f the main reasons why homosexuals are vulnerable to alcohol abuse and drug abuse. Alcoholism treatment does work!

A gay alcohol treatment program, drug rehab or gay friendly dual diag

elopment. They need to be wiser in analyzing the market trends and the regulatory requirements.

Companies that provide selfless information through particip

osis treatment program, can be found at a web site located at www.lakeviewhealth.com or you can call the dual diagnosis national helpline at 1-800-511-9225 to locate a dual diagnosis treatment program in your local area

tion in industry events and feedback to regulatory authorities would be able to face the challenges and will be successful in developing combination products

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Remember, when you consolidate your credit card debt, it is important to cancel all or some of the cards that you have transferred from

As a pre-cursor to design patterns in the previous article in this series I looked at common signs to over engineering your design by forcing a design pattern that doesn't fit. One important point I made was not starting with a design pattern and opting to refactor to one when you know it is necessary. Not over complicating your design with the noise of trying to fit a pattern into it before you know your design really requires one. This article will look at how to choose an appropriate pattern to fit the needs of your design.

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